Matimu ya Roulette
Matimu ya roulette ma hundza eka ndzingeto wa fiziki lowu tsandzekeke, kamara ra ku gembula eParis, vamakwerhu vambirhi edorobeni ra mati yo hisa eJarimani, na khasino leyi endleke leswaku khamara yin'we ya rihlaza yi va xiyimo xa le Yuropa.
Vhilwa ri nga si va kona
- 1654
Pascal na Fermat: xiphiqo xa tipoyinti; ntsengo lowu languteriweke.
Ntsengo lowu Languteriweke eka Roulette - 1655Vhilwa ro pfumala xikongomelo
Blaise Pascal, a ri karhi a lava muchini lowu fambaka hilaha ku nga heriki, u aka vhilwa leri rhendzelekaka leri ringaniseriweke kahle. Muchini wu tsandzeka; vhilwa ri sala ri ri xitirhisiwa lexi nga riki na ku khohlisana kutsongo, lexi langutekaka xi humesa mimbuyelo hi xitshuketa.
Blaise Pascal: Ntsheketo wa Vhilwa ra Roulette - 1657
Huygens u kandziyisa tsalwa ro sungula hi ntsengo lowu languteriweke.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: nawu wa tinomboro letikulu.
Ku Tshinelela hi Nkarhi wo Leha: Nawu wa Tinomboro Letikulu eka Roulette - malembe ya 1740Roly-poly na E.O.
Tindhawu ta ku gembula ta Nghilandhi ti rhendzelekisa mavhilwa lama nga na swikhamara swa tinomboro leti ringanaka na leti nga ringaniki. Mintlangu leyi yi yirisiwa ko tala, leswi susumetaka tinxaka ta yona ku ya eYuropa.
I Mani la Tumbuluxeke Roulette? Masungulo ya Roulette - 1754
d’Alembert u kandziyisa xihoxo lexi endzhaku xi thyiweke vito ra yena tanihi sisiteme.
Qhinga ra D'Alembert eka Roulette - 1758
New France (Quebec) yi yirisa madayisi, hoca, faro na “roulette”: xin'wana xa swihlawulekisi swa khale swinene swa vito leri ra ntlangu wa ku gembula.
- Malembe ya 1760
“Martingale” yi nghena eka tidikixinari ta Xifurwa tanihi rito ra vagembuli.
Qhinga ra Martingale eka Roulette
Ntlangu
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Novhele ya Jaques Lablée ya La Roulette yi hlamusela vhilwa leri nga na tikhamara timbirhi ta khasino, 0 na 00, endlwini ya ku gembula ePalais-Royal. Lexi i xihlamuselo xo sungula lexi heleleke xa ntlangu wa namuntlha.
Roulette eka Matsalwa - Malembe ya 1800
Mavhilwa ya le Amerika ma engetela khamara ya gama: tinomboro tinharhu ta khasino.
Vhilwa na Milawu ya Roulette ya le Amerika - 1837
Furwa yi yirisa tikhasino; ntlangu wu rhurhela eka madorobana ya mati yo hisa ya Jarimani.
- 1841
Vamakwerhu va ka Blanc va teka mpfumelelo wa Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François na Louis Blanc va pfula khasino edorobeni ra mati yo hisa eJarimani kutani va susa zero mbirhi. Vhilwa ra zero yin'we ri hunguta vuyelo bya khasino hi hafu naswona ri koka vatlangi va suka eka tindhawu leti phikizanaka.
Bad Homburg na Tikhasino ta Madorobana ya Mati yo Hisa - 1863Monte Carlo
Loko ku gembula ku yirisiwile eJarimani hinkwayo, Blanc u teka khasino ya le Monaco leyi a yi ri karhi yi tikeriwa. Monte Carlo yi va xikombiso xa roulette ya le Yuropa; zero yin'we i xiyimo xa yona.
Roulette ya Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg ya Dostoevsky - 1868
Ndlela ya xitimela ku suka eNice ku ya eMonte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco yi herisa xibalo xa muholo.
- 1872
Prussia yi pfala tikhasino ta Jarimani.
Vatlangi na swikambelo
- Malembe ya 1870
Labouchère u dumisa sisiteme ya ku tsema eLondon.
Qhinga ra Labouchère eka Roulette - kwalomu ka 1880Vhilwa ra Jagger
Joseph Jagger, muxavisi wa swiambalo wa le Yorkshire, u tsarisa mimbuyelo ya mavhilwa ya le Monte Carlo kutani a bheja tinomboro leti humaka ngopfu. U hlula rifuwo lerikulu; khasino yi rhurhisa mavhilwa ya yona, endzhaku yi ma siva.
Joseph Jagger: Qhinga ra Roulette eMonte Carlo - 1891Wanuna loyi a herisaka mali ya bangi
Charles Wells u herisa tichipi ta tafula minkarhi yo hlayanyana eka masiku ma nga ri mangani, leswi pfuxaka risimu ra music-hall. Vulavisisi a byi kumi sisiteme, ku ri nkateko ntsena, naswona endzhaku, vukanganyisi kun'wana.
Wanuna la Tshoveke Banki - 1900
Pearson u kandziyisa xikambelo xa chi-square hi vuxokoxoko bya marhendzeleko ya Monte Carlo.
Xikambelo xa Chi-Square - 1907
Furwa yi tlhela yi pfumelela tikhasino eka madorobana ya mati yo hisa na ya le ribuweni ra lwandle.
- 1913
Tinomboro to ntima ta 26 ti landzelelana eMonte Carlo.
Xihoxo xa Mugembuli - 1931
Nevada yi pfumelela ku gembula eka tikhasino.
Mavhilwa ya Roulette ya Las Vegas - Malembe ya 1940
Ulam na von Neumann va thya maendlelo ya Monte Carlo vito.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond u bheja eka tidazini timbirhi eka roulette.
Qhinga ra James Bond eka Roulette - 1961
Thorp na Shannon va aka khompyuta yo sungula ya roulette leyi ambariwaka.
Tikhompyuta ta Roulette - 1965
Dubins na Savage va kombisa leswaku ku tlanga hi xivindzi hi kona kahle eka mintlangu leyi nga lulamangiki eka mutlangi.
- 1969
Nxopaxopo wa Thorp wu hlamusela leswaku ha yini ku hava sisiteme ya ku bheja leyi hlulaka ntlangu lowu ntsengo wa wona lowu languteriweke wu nga ehansi ka zero.
Ntsheketo: Qhinga ra Roulette leri Hlulaka Minkarhi Hinkwayo - 1977–81
Tikhompyuta leti fihliweke ta The Eudaemons eNevada: ehansi ka voko hi 1978, endzeni ka xihlangi hi 1981.
The Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada yi endla leswaku switirhisiwa swa ku vhumba swi va vugevenga. Bass u kandziyisa The Eudaemonic Pie.
Vuxisi eka Roulette
Ntlangu wa manguva lawa
- lembe-xidzana ra vu-20Emadorobeni ya mati yo hisa ku ya eswikirinini
Roulette yi famba yi ya eLas Vegas zero mbirhi yi vuyisiwile, kutani yi ya eka matafula ya RNG ya le inthanete eka malembe ya 1990 na le ka mavhilwa ya tisitudiyo lama haxiwaka hi nkarhi wolowo eka malembe ya 2000.
Roulette ya le Yuropa na ya le Amerika - Malembe ya 1990
Ndyangu wa ka García-Pelayo wu tirhisa mavhilwa lama tshekeke ekusuhi na Madrid; wu yirisiwa; tihubyi ti herisa nsivelo (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Sisiteme ya Roulette - 1996
Tikhasino to sungula ta le inthanete leti nga na roulette ya RNG.
Roulette yo Kongoma na Roulette ya RNG - 2003–06
Roulette yo kongoma leyi nga na dilara yi hangalasiwa ku suka eka tisitudiyo; Riga na Malta swi va swivandla leswikulu.
Ndlela leyi Roulette yo Kongoma yi Tirhaka ha Yona - 2004
Ntlawa wa le Ritz wu hlula £1.3m hi ku vhumba bolo; layiza leyi vikiweke a yi kumiwangi; a va hehliwangi.
Ku Tlanga hi Vuyelo eka Roulette - 2005
UK Gambling Act: milawu leyi heleleke ya timpfumelelo ta ku gembula ka le kule.
Roulette eUK - 2012
Small na Tse va kandziyisa fiziki ya ku vhumba eka roulette.
Fiziki ya Vhilwa ra Roulette - 2013
New Jersey yi sungula tikhasino ta le inthanete leti lawuriwaka.
Roulette eUSA - 2016
Roulette ya zero tinharhu eka Las Vegas Strip.
Roulette ya Zero Tinharhu - 2018
Nsivelo wa mfumo wa le US wa ku bheja eka mintlangu wu herisiwa; swifundzha swi endla milawu.
- 2021
Jarimani na Netherlands swi nyika timpfumelelo ta mintlangu ya khasino ya le inthanete.
Roulette eYuropa - 2026
Sayiti leyi: siku rin'wana ni rin'wana leri nga laha henhla, ni tinhlayo ta rona.
Layini yin'we ya nkoka
Eka malembe-xidzana mambirhi ni hafu, mpimo wa roulette wu cince kan'we ntsena hi ndlela leyi pfunaka mutlangi (1843, zero yin'we yi susiwile) na kambirhi hi ndlela leyi n'wi lwisaka (gama eka malembe ya 1800, zero tinharhu hi 2016). Hinkwaswo swin'wana, tisisiteme, tikhompyuta, tisitudiyo, mavoningo, swi siye tinhlayo hilaha Lablée a ti kumeke hakona: 36/n − 1 eka vhilwa leri nga na khamara yin'we ku tlula sweswo.
Swivutiso
Ra Pascal. Mindzingeto ya yena hi mavhilwa i ya xiviri; ku yi hlanganisa na roulette i ntsheketo wa ndhavuko.
Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19; ntlhandlamano wa le Yuropa lowu tirhisiwaka namuntlha a wu ri lowu tolovelekeke hi nkarhi wa Monte Carlo.
Kumbexana ri ta va ra milawu. Vhilwa ri hetiwile.
Ku hlekisa katsongo
Malembe-xidzana mambirhi ni hafu, ku antswisiwa kun'we, ku tlhela endzhaku kambirhi, swiphato swo tala.
Swihlovo
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.