Swin'wana · Nxaxamelo wo hlaya · timinete 8

Tibuku ta Roulette: Nxaxamelo wo Hlaya

Tibuku na mapapila ya roulette lawa sayiti leyi yi titshegeke ha wona, ya makume mambirhi mbirhi, ku sukela eka xitsalwa xa 1657 hi ntsengo lowu languteriweke ku ya eka buku ya dyondzo ya 2025, ni xivulwa xin'we hi leswi xin'wana na xin'wana xi nga na nkoka ha swona.

Nhlamulo yo koma

Tinhlayo (Huygens, Bernoulli, Halmos, Feller, Thorp, Epstein, Ethier, na tibuku ta dyondzo ta sweswinyana ta Bollman, Taylor na Hunacek), matimu (Lablée, Barnhart, Schwartz, Kavanagh, Marcus, Goldman), fiziki (Bass, Small & Tse) na novhele yin'we leyi antswaka ku tlula tona hinkwato (Dostoevsky). Hinkwaswo eka sayiti leyi swi titshege hi xitlatla lexi.

ya khale swinene
Huygens, 1657
ya sweswinyana
Hunacek, 2025
buku yin'we leyinene
Ethier, 2010
novhele leyinene
The Gambler, 1866

Tinhlayo

xitsalwalembeha yini u xi hlaya
Huygens, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae1657nhlamuselo yo sungula leyi kandziyisiweke ya ntsengo lowu languteriweke; laha EV yi humaka kona
Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi1713nawu wa tinomboro letikulu, lowu tisisiteme ti wu twisisaka hi ndlela yo hoxeka
Halmos, “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations”1939xikombiso xo sungula xa hinkwaswo xa leswaku a ku na sisiteme ya ku bheja leyi cincaka mbuyelo lowu languteriweke
Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory, vol. 11968ku hela mali ka mugembuli, mafambelo ya xitshuketa, tindzandzelelano; buku ya xikombelo ya ntolovelo
Thorp, “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games”1969loko tisisiteme ta ku bheja ti nga pfuna (ntsena eka ntlangu lowu nga na vuyelo eka mutlangi) na swiyimo leswi nga endzhaku ka mbuyelo wa leswaku a ku na sisiteme
Thorp, The Mathematics of Gambling1984khompyuta ya roulette yi hlamuseriwa hi muvumbi wa yona, ni tinhlayo ta mali leyi u faneleke ku yi bheja loko u ri na vuyelo
Epstein, The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic2013 (nkandziyiso wa vu-2)ntlangu wun'wana na wun'wana wa khasino wu xopaxopiwile; roulette eka xiyimo xa yona
Ethier, The Doctrine of Chances2010nhlamuselo ya tinhlayo ya roulette leyi heleleke swinene leyi kandziyisiweke
Bollman, Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games2021swibejo swa le tlhelo, mavhilwa lama nga tolovelekangiki na roulette ya makhadi swi kamberiwa ntsengo xin'we hi xin'we, ni mintirho
Taylor, Games, Gambling, and Probability2021 (nkandziyiso wa vu-2)tindzandzelelano, ku bheja hi Kelly na ku hela mali ka mugembuli swi tirhiwa tanihi kosi
Bollman, Basic Gambling Mathematics2024 (nkandziyiso wa vu-2)swingetelo na mali leyi vuyisiwaka ya tikhasino, na leswaku bodo ya mimbuyelo yi tihakela hi ku hatlisa ku fikela kwihi eka khasino
Hunacek, Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling2025kosi yo sungula yo olova; kambela leswi yi swi vulaka swa leswaku xibejo xin'wana na xin'wana xi na ntsengo lowu languteriweke wo fana, leswi xibejo xa tinomboro ta ntlhanu xi swi tlulaka

Matimu

xitsalwalembeha yini u xi hlaya
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801nhlamuselo yo sungula leyi heleleke ya ntlangu, eka novhele
Barnhart, Beating the Wheel1992matimu ya ku tlanga hi ku tsheka: Jagger, lava a va ri kona emahlweni ka va Pelayo, tindlela
Schwartz, Roll the Bones2006matimu ya ku gembula hi ku angarhela; ndhawu ya roulette eka wona
Kavanagh, Dice, Cards, Wheels2005ndhavuko wa ku gembula wa le Furwa; Palais-Royal na tindhawu ta vuhungasi
Marcus, American Roulette2003past-posting (ku veka xibejo endzhaku ka mbuyelo) yi hlamuseriwa ku suka endzeni hi mutirhisi wa yona loyi a tivekaka swinene
Goldman, Great Gambling Scams2007Leigh e Nice, Marcus na Ritz swi hlamuseriwa nakambe; swa tsakisa, kambe swi hoxile eka swiendlakalo swo hlayanyana (languta Vuxisi eka Roulette)

Fiziki na ku tlanga hi vuyelo

xitsalwalembeha yini u xi hlaya
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985xitori xa khompyuta leyi a yi ri endzeni ka xangu; buku leyi tolovelekeke leyinene swinene hi fiziki ya roulette
Small & Tse, “Predicting the outcome of roulette”2012fiziki ya ku vhumba, yi pimiwile; leswi vuyelo byi swi lavaka
Pearson, “On the criterion…”1900xikambelo xa chi-square, xi kombisiwa eka marhendzeleko ya roulette

Fiziki ya Vhilwa ra Roulette

Novhele

Dostoevsky, The Gambler (1866). Yi tsariwe hi masiku ya 26 ku fikelela siku ro hetelela ra kontiraka ya mukandziyisi, hi mutsari loyi a a ri na swikweleti swo tala hikwalaho ka roulette; xihoxo xa mugembuli, sisiteme, ku tsakela loku nga lawulekiki na khasino ya ndhawu ya vuhungasi swi vonaka ku suka endzeni. Yi komile ku tlula buku yihi na yihi ya roulette leyi nga ehenhla naswona yi na ntiyiso ku tlula to tala.

Bad Homburg na Tikhasino ta Madorobana ya Mati yo HisaRoulettenburg ya Dostoevsky

Tibuku ta roulette letinene eka xikongomelo xin'wana na xin'wana

Eka tinhlayo, Ethier kutani Feller. Eka switori, Barnhart na Bass. Eka leswaku ha yini vanhu va tlanga hambi swi ri tano, Dostoevsky. Eka xikombiso lexi herisaka njhekanjhekisano wun'wana na wun'wana wa tisisiteme, Halmos, naswona eka mbuyelo lowu fanaka hi marito yo olova, buku ya Thorp ya 1984. Eka mintirho, Taylor kumbe Bollman. Bokisi ra Swihlovo eka xihloko xin'wana na xin'wana eka sayiti leyi ri tshaha tibuku ta xitlatla lexi.

Swivutiso

Xana ku na tibuku letinene ta maqhinga ya roulette?

A ku na leyi xavisaka sisiteme. Buku ya Thorp ya 1984 yi na ndzima yo koma hi leswaku ha yini ti tsandzeka; Epstein na Ethier va hlamusela xivumbeko xa yin'wana na yin'wana.

Xana ndzi nga hlaya Pearson kumbe Huygens kwihi?

Hinkwavo vambirhi a va ha sirheleriwi hi nawu wa copyright naswona va kumeka eka inthanete. Pearson u tika ku hlaya; Huygens u komile naswona u hlayeka kahle swi hlamarisa loko a hundzuluxeriwile.

Ku hlekisa katsongo

Hinkwaswo eka sayiti leyi i nhlamuselo ya le hansi ka tluka eka xitlatla lexi.

Hinkwaswo eka sayiti leyi i nhlamuselo ya le hansi ka tluka eka xitlatla lexi.

Swihlovo

  1. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Ndzima 13, roulette.
  2. Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1. Wiley, nkandziyiso wa vu-3, 1968. Gambler’s ruin, ndzima XIV.
  3. Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
  4. Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
  5. Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  6. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  7. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1992.
  8. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Ndzima 2, roulette.
  9. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  10. Taylor, D. G. Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021.
  11. Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2025.
  12. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  13. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
Mayelana na hinaSwihlovoMatimu na NdhavukoRoulette eka MatsalwaMatimu na NdhavukoMatimu ya Tisisiteme ta RouletteMatimu na NdhavukoThe Eudaemons
ku kamberiwile 2026-09-28modlolo: wa le Yuropa, zero yin'wemaendlelo ya ntirho ↗swihlovo ↗